HEALTH CARE: Congenital Heart Disease

What Is Congenital Heart Disease?

Congenital heart disease, or a congenital heart defect, is a heart abnormality present at birth. The problem can affect:

• the heart walls

• the heart valves

• the blood vessels

There are numerous types of congenital heart defects. They can range from simple conditions that don’t cause symptoms to complex problems that cause severe, life-threatening symptoms.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there are currently 1 million adults and 1 million children in the United States living with congenital heart defects. Treatments and follow-up care for defects have improved drastically over the past few decades, so nearly all children with heart defects survive into adulthood. Some need continuous care for their heart defect throughout their lives. However, many go on to have active and productive lives despite their condition.

Types of Congenital Heart Disease

Though there are many different types of congenital heart defects, they can be divided into three main categories:

• In heart valve defects, the valves inside the heart that direct blood flow may close up or leak. This interferes with the heart’s ability to pump blood correctly.

• In heart wall defects, the natural walls that exist between the left and right sides and the upper and lower chambers of the heart may not develop correctly, causing blood to back up into the heart or to build up in places where it doesn’t belong. The defect puts pressure on the heart to work harder, which may result in high blood pressure.

• In blood vessel defects, the arteries and veins that carry blood to the heart and back out to the body may not function correctly. This can reduce or block blood flow, leading to various health complications.

Cyanotic and Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease

Many doctors classify congenital heart disease as either cyanotic congenital heart disease or acyanotic congenital heart disease. In both types, the heart isn’t pumping blood as efficiently as it should. The main difference is that cyanotic congenital heart disease causes low levels of oxygen in the blood, and acyanotic congenital heart disease doesn’t. Babies with reduced oxygen levels may experience breathlessness and a bluish tint to their skin. Babies who have enough oxygen in their blood don’t display these symptoms, but they may still develop complications later in life, such as high blood pressure.

Symptoms 

A congenital heart defect is often detected during a pregnancy ultrasound. If your doctor hears an abnormal heartbeat, for instance, they may further investigate the issue by performing certain tests. These may include an echocardiogram, a chest X-ray, or an MRI scan. If a diagnosis is made, your doctor will make sure the appropriate specialists are available during delivery.

In some cases, the symptoms of a congenital heart defect may not appear until shortly after birth. Newborns with heart defects may experience:

• bluish lips, skin, fingers, and toes

• breathlessness or trouble breathing

• feeding difficulties

• low birth weight

• chest pain

• delayed growth

In other cases, the symptoms of a congenital heart defect may not appear until many years after birth. Once symptoms do develop, they may include:

• abnormal heart rhythms

• dizziness

• trouble breathing

• fainting

• swelling

• fatigue

Causes 

Congenital heart disease occurs as a result of an early developmental problem in the heart’s structure. The defect typically interferes with the normal flow of blood through the heart, which may affect breathing. Although researchers aren’t exactly sure why the heart fails to develop correctly, suspected causes include the following:

• The heart defect may run in families.

• Taking certain prescription drugs during pregnancy puts a child at a higher risk for a heart defect.

• Using alcohol or illegal drugs during pregnancy can increase a child’s risk of having a heart defect.

• Mothers who had a viral infection during the first trimester of pregnancy are more likely to give birth to a child with a heart defect.

• Increased blood sugar levels, such as occurs with diabetes, may affect childhood development.

Treatments

The treatment for a congenital heart defect depends on the type and severity of the defect. Some babies have mild heart defects that heal on their own with time. Others may have severe defects that require extensive treatment. In these cases, treatment may include the following:

Medications

There are various medications that can help the heart work more efficiently. Some can also be used to prevent blood clots from forming or to control an irregular heartbeat.

Implantable Heart Devices

Some of the complications associated with congenital heart defects can be prevented with the use of certain devices, including pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). A pacemaker can help regulate an abnormal heart rate, and an ICD may correct life-threatening irregular heartbeats.

Catheter Procedures

Catheterization techniques allow doctors to repair certain congenital heart defects without surgically opening the chest and heart. During these procedures, the doctor will insert a thin tube into a vein in the leg and guide it up to the heart. Once the catheter is in the correct position, the doctor will use small tools threaded through the catheter to correct the defect.

Open-Heart Surgery

This type of surgery may be needed if catheter procedures aren't enough to repair a congenital heart defect. A surgeon may perform open-heart surgery to close holes in the heart, repair heart valves, or widen blood vessels.

Heart Transplant

In the rare cases in which a congenital heart defect is too complex to fix, a heart transplant may be needed. During this procedure, the child's heart is replaced with a healthy heart from a donor.

Congenital Heart Disease in Adults

Depending on the defect, diagnosis and treatment may begin shortly after birth, during childhood, or in adulthood. Some defects don’t cause any symptoms until the child becomes an adult, so diagnosis and treatment may be delayed. 

In these cases, the symptoms of a newly discovered congenital heart defect may include:

• shortness of breath

• chest pain

• a reduced ability to exercise

• being easily fatigued

The treatment for congenital heart disease in adults can also vary depending on the severity of the heart defect. Some people may only need to monitor their condition closely, and others may require medications and surgeries.

In some cases, defects that may have been treated in childhood can present problems again in adulthood. The original repair may no longer be effective or the initial defect may have become worse over time. Scar tissue that developed around the original repair may also end up causing problems, such as heart arrhythmias.

Regardless of your situation, it’s important to continue seeing your doctor for follow-up care. Treatment may not cure your condition, but it can help you maintain an active, productive life. It will also reduce your risk for serious complications, such as heart infections, heart failure, and stroke.

Prevention

Women who are pregnant or plan on becoming pregnant can take certain precautions to lower their risk of giving birth to a baby with a congenital heart defect:

• If you’re planning on becoming pregnant, talk to your doctor about any prescription or over-the-counter medications you’re taking.

• If you have diabetes, make sure your blood sugar levels are under control before becoming pregnant. It’s also important to work with your doctor to manage the disease while pregnant.

• If you weren’t vaccinated against rubella, or German measles, avoid exposure to the disease and speak with your doctor about prevention options.

• If you have a family history of congenital heart defects, ask your doctor about genetic screening. Certain genes may contribute to abnormal heart development.

• Avoid drinking alcohol and using illegal drugs during pregnancy.

HEALTH CARE: HEART DISEASES: CARDIOVASCULAR :ARRHYTHMIAS: INDICATIONS AND TREATMENT

Your Heart’s Electrical Storm: A Complete Guide to Arrhythmias – Indications, Treatment, and When to Act

“Stop guessing your symptoms—monitor, understand, and protect your heart today.”

“Understand the warning signs, hidden causes, and proven treatments for irregular heart rhythms—before they become dangerous.”

Learn arrhythmia symptoms, causes, and treatment. Discover when an irregular heartbeat is dangerous and how to monitor and manage it safely.

Food: 30 Foods That Reduce Your Risk Of Breast Cancer

Know about 30 Foods That Reduce Your Risk of Breast Cancer

1. Mushrooms 

Eating a serving of growths daily may assist with shielding you from bosom malignancy, as indicated by an International Journal of Cancer study. Analysts tracked down that Chinese ladies who devoured only 10 grams (which is equivalent to a solitary, little 'shroom!) or a greater amount of new mushrooms each day were around 66% less inclined to foster bosom malignant growth than non-mushroom eaters.

High mushroom consumption has likewise been related to a lower hazard of bosom malignancies among premenopausal ladies. While studies haven't nailed circumstances and logical results connection among mushrooms and bosom wellbeing, you'll in any case be helping your body out at whatever point you add invulnerable supporting nutrient D-rich mushrooms to a feast! 

2. Naval force Beans 

We've been filling you in regarding how high fiber food sources can assist with weight reduction by drawing out sensations of completion, however, did you realize they may likewise assist you with diminishing your danger of bosom malignant growth? As indicated by Harvard specialists, for every 10 grams of fiber burned through every day, a lady's bosom malignancy hazard diminishes by an incredible 7 percent!

The creators theorize the fiber assists with lessening high estrogen levels in the blood, which are emphatically connected with bosom malignancy advancement. One of the most incredible high-fiber food varieties is beans. Naval force beans, specifically, pack a strong 9.6 grams of fiber per large portion of a cup—that is more than whatever you'll discover in four cuts of Pepperidge Farm Oatmeal Bread! Throw a piece of these pulses into your next bean soup to get the prizes

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3. Pecans 

Pecans will assist you with decreasing your danger of bosom malignancy in two ways. First of all, this heart-formed nut contains a nutrient considered gamma-tocopherol that stops the actuation of Akt—a catalyst that is fundamental for malignancy cell endurance—without hurting solid cells. Pecans additionally contain cholesterol-like atoms called phytosterols that can assist with directing estrogen levels in people and surprisingly lethargic the development of bosom disease cells by hindering estrogen receptors.

Creature research distributed in the diary Nutrition and Cancer found that when mice were given what might be compared to two ounces of pecans consistently for a month, the development pace of growths in the pecan eating mice was a large portion of that of the creatures who couldn't mash on the nuts. 

4. Cooked Tomatoes 

Other than the way that they make an incredible pasta sauce, you ought to likewise burn-through cooked tomatoes since they might assist with lessening ladies' danger of creating bosom malignant growth! Ongoing discoveries, announced in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, tracked down that a carotenoid cell reinforcement found in tomatoes—known as lycopene—was especially powerful at assisting ladies with the harder-to-treat variant of bosom malignant growth: estrogen receptor (ER)– negative growths. While ladies with the most significant levels of carotenoids, as a general rule, had a 19 percent lower hazard of bosom disease, ladies with the most significant levels of lycopene, explicitly, had a 22 percent diminished danger. 

5. Yams 

Like tomatoes, orange-shaded veggies are a top wellspring of carotenoids. Yams, explicitly, are wealthy in a particular carotenoid known as beta-carotene. A similar Journal of the National Cancer Institute investigation discovered that ladies with the most significant levels of beta-carotene in their blood had a 17 percent lower hazard of fostering specific kinds of bosom malignancy. 

The hypothesis is that carotenoids contain intensifies that assist with controlling cell development, protection, and fix. To get the most carotenoids out of your potatoes, science says your smartest choice is to whiten them and season with your beloved flavor blend.

6. Pomegranates 

Of course, it's the number-two food with regards to natural product sugar, yet eating these fiber-rich seeds can assist your body with inhibiting the development of chemical ward bosom disease. As indicated by a review distributed in Cancer Prevention Research, the ellagic corrosive in pomegranates may help secure against bosom malignancy by stifling estrogen creation and forestalling the development of disease cells.

Not keen on smudging your cherished shirt each time you open the organic product? Natural items like raspberries, strawberries, cranberries, walnuts, and pecans are moreover rich in ellagic destructive.

7. Tea or Green Tea 

Tea, particularly green tea, is loaded with polyphenols—a class of cancer prevention agents with massive medical advantages. One of those advantages incorporates against bosom malignant growth properties. A little report led by the National Institute of Health's (NIH) National Cancer Institute tracked down that Japanese ladies who drank somewhere around one cup of green tea day by day had less urinary estrogen—a known malignancy causing specialist of the chest—than non-tea-customers.

To receive the rewards, make certain to brew your own cup at home; It would take 20 jugs of locally acquired packaged tea to get the polyphenol-force of a solitary home-prepared cup, as per research introduced at a gathering of the American Chemical Society. 

8. Broccoli 

This greasy fish is wealthy in solid fats—principally, omega-3 unsaturated fats. These fundamental fats have been connected to further developed bosom disease visualization. A huge scope investigation of global examinations distributed in the diary BMJ found that ladies who burned through the most fish-based omega-3 unsaturated fats were 14% more averse to having bosom malignant growth, contrasted with the people who ate the least.

For generally speaking medical advantages, the American Heart Association suggests adding a simple 3.5-ounce serving of wild-got greasy fish to your eating regimen two times per week. Salmon doesn't need to be your go-to. Other fish high in omega-3s join cod, mackerel, and anchovies.

9. Nutrient D-fortified Organic Milk 

Milk options may be all the rave of the present moment, yet except if they're nutrient D-braced, we say forget them. As well as assisting your body with retaining calcium, University of California San Diego scientists found that nutrient D can avoid bosom malignancy just as colon and ovarian diseases. The review, distributed in Cancer Prevention Research tracked down that a satisfactory nutrient D admission could decrease bosom disease hazard in ladies by up to 50 percent.

 Fortifying these discoveries, a later report connected low degrees of nutrient D in the blood to higher paces of bosom disease growth movement. To receive the rewards, appreciate nutrient D-enhanced dairy in your morning espresso, blend it into oats, or go through it to whip a post-siphon smoothie. 

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10. Olive Oil 

The extra focus for the Mediterranean eating regimen! At the point when Spanish analysts had ladies supplement their Mediterranean weight control plans with extra-virgin olive oil, the scientists tracked down that these ladies had a 68 percent lower hazard of creating bosom malignancy contrasted with ladies whose dietary fats came from corn oil. The review, distributed in JAMA Internal Medicine, theorized that the olive oil's mitigating phenolic compounds and oleic corrosive might have suppressed the development of threatening cells.

11. Eggs 

Eggs are one of the most strong wellsprings of a fundamental—and difficult-to-get—supplement known as choline. This synapse building block is vital for the design and capacity, everything being equal, and insufficiency in this compound has been connected to neurological issues and diminished intellectual capacity.

In addition to the fact that it acts as mind food, however, it might likewise assist with bringing down your danger of bosom disease! As indicated by The Journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, ladies who burned through the most elevated measure of choline had the least danger of bosom malignant growth contrasted and the individuals who burned through the least. 

12. Spinach 

Mixed greens, similar to spinach, sneak up all of a sudden with regards to battling bosom disease. First of all, they're a top wellspring of the unique carotenoid couple, lutein, and zeaxanthin, of which significant levels have been associated with a 16 percent diminished pace of bosom malignant growth. Furthermore, besides, they're a primo wellspring of folate, a B nutrient that fortifies your DNA and is urgent in bringing down hazards of neural cylinder deserts during pregnancy. Low degrees of folate have most as of late been connected to expanded bosom malignancy hazard in a review distributed in the diary PLoS ONE. To receive the benefits, get some spinach, kale, or asparagus. 

13. Turmeric 

This root flavor contains the compound curcumin, a cancer prevention agent polyphenol with chemopreventive properties. Since persistent irritation is a significant danger factor for the turn of events and metastatic movement of malignancy, curcumin's mitigating properties assume a significant part in decreasing the development of bosom disease, as indicated by a review in Molecular Oncology. 

14. Coffee

Espresso consumers will not simply get an energy shock with each cup, they may really assist with bringing down their danger of antiestrogen-safe estrogen-receptor (ER)- negative bosom disease, also. A recent report in Breast Cancer Research found that espresso consumers had a lower frequency of ER-negative bosom disease than ladies who once in a while drank the morning joe. As indicated by one of the review creators, Jingmei Li, Ph.D., "One chance is that espresso's cell reinforcements shield cells from harm that can prompt disease." 

15. Peaches 

They're one of our beloved Greek yogurt clinchers: cancer prevention agent-rich peaches. In 2014, scientists at Texas A&M tracked down that the exact combination of phenolic intensifies present in a peach separate had the option to restrain the metastasis—or spread—of bosom malignant growth cells in mice. Specialists say that the dose comparable utilized in the examination would be identical to people devouring a few peaches each day.

16. Chickpeas 

Chickpeas are one of our Surprising High-Protein Foods for Weight Loss since they're high in fiber and plant protein, and are the principle fixing in our fave plunge ever, hummus (duh!). What's significantly more noteworthy is that a review distributed in the Nutrition and Cancer diary found that these vegetables can forestall bosom disease because of their enemy of malignant growth specialists called protease inhibitor concentrates. 

17. Blueberries 

Blueberries are one of the most generally burned-through berries in the U.S., and it bodes well—they are scrumptious and simple to add to everything from Greek yogurt to organic product salad. One more advantage of these sweet berries is they are wealthy in cancer prevention agents. An audit distributed in the diary Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry found that blueberries "show guarantee as a compelling enemy of malignant growth specialists" because of their capacity to keep favorable to fiery atoms from being framed.

They have been displayed to forestall the start of disease arrangement, and increment sound cells' capacity to kill off perilous cells. Add a serving of blueberries to your smoothies, parfaits, or sprinkle in a spinach salad. 

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18. Carrots 

One more motivation to get that pack of child carrots: According to an investigation distributed in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, out of 33,000 ladies, the people who had the most noteworthy measure of carotenoids in their blood had 18 to 28 percent lower hazard of bosom malignant growth. Carrots are jam-loaded with these malignancy battling cancer prevention agents, which is the reason you should hack some up and add them to these 26 Flat Belly Soups. 

19. Strawberries 

In addition to the fact that they make the ideal treat and sweet tidbit, strawberries can likewise assist with battling disease, as per a review in Scientific Reports. "We have displayed interestingly that strawberry separate, wealthy in phenolic compounds, restrains the multiplication of bosom disease cells in vitro and in vivo models," Maurizio Battino, co-creator of the paper, said in an official statement. 

20. Oranges 

Certainly, oranges give us a portion of our beloved mixed drink blenders, yet did you realize they're likewise loaded with chemopreventive properties? A review distributed in the Journal of Breast Cancer tracked down that a high admission of citrus organic products might possibly diminish your danger for bosom malignancy.

21. Wild Salmon 

This greasy fish is wealthy in sound fats—primarily, omega-3 unsaturated fats. These fundamental fats have been connected to further developed bosom malignancy anticipation. An enormous scope investigation of global examinations distributed in the diary BMJ found that ladies who devoured the most fish-based omega-3 unsaturated fats were 14% more averse to have bosom disease, contrasted with the individuals who ate the least. For in general medical advantages, the American Heart Association suggests adding a simple 3.5-ounce serving of wild-got greasy fish to your eating regimen two times every week. Salmon doesn't need to be your go-to. Other fish high in omega-3s join cod, mackerel, and anchovies.

22. Goji Berries 

This greasy fish is wealthy in sound fats—primarily, omega-3 unsaturated fats. These fundamental fats have been connected to further developed bosom malignant growth forecast. A huge scope investigation of global examinations distributed in the diary BMJ found that ladies who burned through the most fish-based omega-3 unsaturated fats were 14% more averse to having the bosom disease, contrasted with the people who ate the least. For by and large medical advantages, the American Heart Association suggests adding a simple 3.5-ounce serving of wild-got greasy fish to your eating regimen two times every week. Salmon doesn't need to be your go-to. 

23. Walnuts 

Walnuts aren't only for pies and treats; these powerful nuts can assist ward with offing malignant growth, as well. They're loaded with ellagic corrosive, a polyphenol that can assist with inhibiting cancer development and battle cancer-causing agents. A survey distributed in the diary Cancer Biology and Medicine found that ellagic corrosive has "hostile to cancer-causing activities." Eat crude or simmered walnuts for a tidbit, or make your own nut blend in with walnuts, pecans, and almonds for a triple portion of cell reinforcements. 

24. Cauliflower 

At the point when cauliflowers' phones are harmed (when you hack, bite, and condensation the veggie), a compound called glucosinolates separate and structure naturally dynamic mixtures like indoles and isothiocyanates. As indicated by the National Cancer Institute, indoles and isothiocyanates can forestall the improvement of bosom malignancy, alongside different diseases like lung, colon, liver, and stomach. 

25. Cherries 

Cherries, perhaps the best food to eat for rest, is additionally probably the best organic product to eat to forestall bosom malignant growth. As indicated by a review distributed in the Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, these sweet red spheres might diminish the danger of malignancy just as persistent sicknesses. Whenever you're needing a bite, pop a couple of cherries into Greek yogurt or mix them into a Zero Belly Smoothie!

26. Cabbage 

Actually like cauliflower, this cruciferous veggie is overflowing with malignancy battling indoles and isothiocyanates. Whenever you're thinking about what to prepare for supper, have a go at stuffing the leaves with lean ground turkey or pickling it ahead of time.

27. Bok Choy 

Another cruciferous veggie, bok choy is a misjudged kind of Chinese cabbage that can assist with forestalling the development of carcinogenic cells. Not certain how to utilize this verdant green? Take a stab at sauteing it with garlic and olive oil for an exquisite side. Not exclusively will you receive its enemy of disease rewards, you'll likewise forestall going bald because of this present veggie's strong iron substance. 

28. Flaxseed 

Flaxseed has a wide range of stunning medical advantages, including bringing down circulatory strain and cholesterol. Flaxseed is the most extravagant wellspring of lignans, a kind of cell reinforcementYet past research found that flaxseed was shown to diminish the improvement of tumors in rodents, a new report in the journal Clinical Cancer Research found that "dietary flaxseed as the possibility to diminish growth development in patients with bosom disease." Add flaxseeds to your smoothies, yogurt parfaits, or blend in your morning cereal. 

29. Asparagus 

These appetizing lances are something other than your normal fiber-filled supper side. A review distributed in the Indian Journal of Pharmacology found that asparagus initiated cell reinforcement action, which might conceivably forestall malignant growth. As though you wanted one more motivation to dish and pop them onto your plate of mixed greens! 

30. Soy 

We're exposing the long-standing food legend that soy food sources cause bosom malignant growth. It originated from the way that soy contains phytoestrogens, normally happening chemicals like mixtures with frail estrogenic impacts. Under lab settings, these mixtures here and there fuel malignant growths; notwithstanding, human investigations have not demonstrated high-soy eats less increment bosom disease hazard. Truth be told, it's an incredible inverse, and specialists conjecture it has to do with the way that soy isoflavones can really hinder more strong regular estrogens in the blood. 

A longitudinal report in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition that followed almost 10,000 bosom malignant growth survivors found that ladies who ate the most soy had a 15 percent lower pace of disease repeat and a 15 percent decline in mortality. The American Cancer Society's dietary rules note that utilization of soy food varieties isn't just protected however "may even lower bosom malignancy hazard." 

Other examinations in the Journal of Clinical Oncology and American Journal of Epidemiology have likewise shown that expanded soy utilization associates to further developed endurance rates and diminished danger of a cellular breakdown in the lungs just as a decreased danger of prostate disease for men. Receive the rewards with aged food sources: miso glue, tempeh, natto, soy sauces, and matured tofu.

HEALTH CARE-HEART ATTACK: SYMPTOMS: CAUSES: TREATMENTS: PREVENTION

Heart Attack 

A attack happens when there's a sudden loss of blood flow to a neighborhood of your cardiac muscle . Most heart attacks are caused by coronary heart condition . 

A heart attack is life-threatening. If you think that you or anyone else has a attack , call an ambulance immediately.

If you’re not sure, it’s still important to seek medical attention to be on the safe side.

Symptoms 

Heart attack symptoms vary from one person to a different . The most common signs of a attack are:

Women are less likely to recognise symptoms of a heart attack and often delay calling 999

• Pain or discomfort in your chest that suddenly occurs and doesn’t get away .

• The torment may spread to one side or right arm or may spread to your neck, jaw, back or stomach. For certain individuals the torment or snugness is extreme, while individuals simply feel awkward.

• you'll also feel sick, sweaty, light-headed or in need of breath.

It’s possible to possess a attack without experiencing ‘classic’ pain . This is more common within the elderly, women, or those with diabetes because the condition can cause nerve damage which may affect how you are feeling pain.

During a attack there's also the danger of getting a asystole . This is the point at which your heart quits siphoning blood and ordinary breathing stops.

Causes 

Most heart attacks happen when the within of 1 or more of your coronary arteries become narrowed thanks to a gradual build-up of fatty deposits called atheroma.

If a bit of this fatty material breaks off, a grume forms to undertake and repair the damage to the artery wall. This grume can block your arteria coronaria , causing a part of your cardiac muscle to be starved of blood and oxygen. This is a heart attack.

You might also hear a attack called acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarct (MI) or coronary .

Other rarer causes of a attack include spontaneous arteria coronaria dissection (SCAD)where one or more of the coronary arteries tear.

Treatments 

If you've got a attack you would like to possess treatment as soon as possible.

Early treatment to urge the blood flowing to the damaged a part of your cardiac muscle again can save your life and limit the quantity of permanent damage to your cardiac muscle .

Many people who have a attack got to have emergency treatment to unblock the arteria coronaria .

• you would possibly have a treatment called primary angioplasty, which may be a procedure to re-open the blocked arteria coronaria and typically involves inserting one or more stents to assist keep the narrowed artery open. 

• otherwise you may need thrombolysis, which suggests supplying you with a ‘clot-busting’ medicine to dissolve the grume that's blocking the arteria coronaria . 

In some types of heart attack people do not receive either of these two treatments because it may not be safe or appropriate.

You will usually stay in hospital for about two to 5 days, counting on what treatment you've got had and the way well you start to recover. 

Prevention 

Living a healthy lifestyle can help prevent you from developing coronary heart condition and having a attack .

There are a number of lifestyle factors that can increase your chances of getting coronary heart disease. These include:

High blood presure 

Hihg cholestorel 

Diabetes

Smoking

weigth and body shape

Not doing enough physical actitivity

But the good news is that you can do something about them. Find out more about making changes to your lifestyle to keep your heart healthy.

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WHAT IS TUBERCULOSIS?

Tuberculosis (TB) is a conceivably genuine irresistible sickness that essentially influences your lungs. 

Tuberculosis-causing bacteria are spread from person to person through coughing and sneezing.

When uncommon in created nations, tuberculosis started to spread in 1985, to some degree because of the rise of HIV, the infection that causes AIDS. HIV weakens a person's immune system so they cannot fight off the TB virus. In the United States, robust control programs led to a resurgence of tuberculosis in 1993, but this is a matter of concern.

Many types of tuberculosis block the most commonly used drugs to treat the disease. Patients with dynamic tuberculosis need to take different meds for quite a long time to dispose of the disease and forestall the advancement of anti-infection opposition. 

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Symptoms of Tuberculosis (TB)

Although your body may contain bacteria that can cause tuberculosis, your immune system may protect you from getting sick. For this reason, doctors distinguish between:

In latent TB, you get a TB infection, but the bacteria live dormant in your body and cause no symptoms. Dormant TB, additionally called inert TB or TB contamination, isn't infectious. It can turn into active tuberculosis, so treatment is important for a person with latent tuberculosis and helps control the spread of tuberculosis. An expected 2 billion individuals are contaminated with TB. 

Active TB can make you sick and spread to others. This can happen in the first few weeks or years after being infected with TB bacteria.

Signs and symptoms of active tuberculosis include:

cough that lasts three or more weeks

coughing up blood

involuntary weight loss

Tiredness

Warmth

night sweats

cold

anorexia nervosa

Tuberculosis can affect other parts of your body, including your kidneys, spinal cord, or brain. When TB is outside your lungs, symptoms and signs depend on the organs involved. For example, tuberculosis in the spine can cause back pain and tuberculosis in your kidneys can cause blood in your urine.

when to see a doctor

If you have a fever, unexplained weight loss, night sweats, or a persistent cough, see your doctor. These are usually symptoms of tuberculosis, but they can also be caused by other medical problems. Your primary care physician can do tests to assist with deciding the reason. 

 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggests that individuals in danger for tuberculosis be evaluated for idle TB contamination.These recommendations include:

people with HIV/AIDS

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IV drug users

contact with infected people

health care professionals who treat people at high risk for tuberculosis

due to tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is brought about by microorganisms that spread from one individual to another through small drops delivered into the air. 

This can happen when a person coughs, speaks, sneezes, spits, laughs, or sings, as with untreated, active tuberculosis.

Despite the fact that tuberculosis is infectious, it isn't not difficult to get. You are more likely to get TB than a stranger who lives or works with you. Most people with active tuberculosis who have been properly treated for at least two weeks are no longer contagious.

HIV and TB

Since the 1980s, the spread of HIV has dramatically increased the number of tuberculosis viruses that cause AIDS. HIV infection weakens the immune system, making it difficult for the body to control TB bacteria. As a result, people infected with HIV become infected with TB. People are several times more likely to be HIV positive than non-HIV positive people.

drug resistant TB

Tuberculosis is a major cause of death. Another reason is the increase in drug-resistant strains of bacteria. Since the first antibiotics were used to fight tuberculosis 60 years ago, some TB germs have developed the ability to survive and pass this ability on to their offspring.

Tuberculosis drug resistance occurs when antibiotics fail to kill all of their target bacteria. The remaining bacteria become resistant to certain drugs and often to other antibiotics. Some TB microscopic organisms have created protection from generally utilized medicines like isoniazid and rifampin. 

Some forms of tuberculosis have also developed resistance to less commonly used drugs to treat tuberculosis, such as antibiotics known as fluoroquinolones and injectable drugs with amomycin, kanamycin, and capreomycin. These drugs are commonly used to treat infections that are resistant to drugs.

to risk

Tuberculosis can affect anyone, but certain factors can increase the risk of contracting the disease. These factors include:

weak immune system

A healthy immune system often successfully fights off TB bacteria, but your body cannot defend itself if your immune system is weak. Many diseases and medications can weaken your immune system, including:

HIV / AIDS

Diabetes

acute kidney disease

some cancers

cancer treatment, such as chemotherapy

drugs to prevent implantation

Certain medications used to treat arthritis, Crohn's disease, and eczema

malnutrition

too young or too old

traveling or living in a specific area

TB

Africa

Eastern Europe

Asia

Russia

Latin America

Caribbean islands

poverty and substance abuse

Lack of medical services. If you have a low or stable income, live in a remote area, have recently immigrated to the United States, or are homeless, you may not have access to the medical services needed to diagnose and treat TB. 

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Drug abuse IV drug use or alcohol abuse weakens your immune system and puts you at higher risk for TB.

tobacco use. Tobacco use greatly increases the risk of tuberculosis and its consequences.

where you work or live

health work. Standard contact with wiped out individuals expands the danger of openness to TB microscopic organisms.Wearing a mask and washing your hands frequently can significantly reduce your risk.

Living or working in a residential maintenance facility. People who live or work in prisons, immigration centers or nursing homes are at higher risk of getting tuberculosis. This is because overcrowding and poor ventilation increase the risk of disease anywhere.

Living in a refugee camp or shelter. Refugees are at particular risk of contracting tuberculosis due to poor nutrition and poor health and living in overcrowded, unsanitary conditions.

Complications

Without treatment, tuberculosis can be fatal. Untreated active disease usually affects your lungs, but it can spread through your blood to other parts of your body. Complex examples of TB include:

Spine pain. Back pain and heaviness are common complications of tuberculosis.

joint damage. TB usually affects the nose and knees.

Inflammation of the lining of your brain (meningitis). This can be a persistent or intermittent headache that lasts for weeks. Mental changes are also possible.

Liver or kidney problems. Your liver and kidneys help filter waste and impurities from your blood. Tuberculosis affects these functions if it affects the liver or kidneys.

Heart disease Rarely, tuberculosis can infect the tissues around your heart, causing swelling and fluid retention that can impede your heart's ability to pump effectively. This condition, called cardiac tamponade, can be fatal.

Diagnosis

If your latent TB infection test is positive, your doctor may recommend that you take medication to reduce your risk of developing tuberculosis. The only form of tuberculosis that is contagious, active, is when it affects the lungs. So if you can prevent your latent TB from becoming active, you should not spread TB to anyone else.

Protect your family and friends

In the event that you have dynamic TB, keep your microbes with you. It takes a few weeks to be treated with TB drugs before you become infected. To keep your friends and family from getting sick, follow these tips:

The most common medicine for TB is

If you have latent tuberculosis, you only need to take one type of TB medicine. The most common drugs used to treat active tuberculosis include:

isoniazid

Rifampin (Rifadin, Remactane)

ethambutol

pyrazinamide

If you have drug-resistant tuberculosis, a combination of antibiotics called fluoroquinolones and injectable medicines such as amoxicillin, kanamycin or capreomycin is usually used for 20 to 30 months. Some types of TB also cause resistance to these drugs. Several new drugs are being considered as add-on therapies to treat complications related to existing drugs, including:

bedacillin

linzolid

drug side effects

Serious side effects of TB drugs are not uncommon but when they do occur they can be dangerous. All TB drugs can be very toxic to your liver. You should call your doctor right away if you are using these medicines:

vomiting or nausea

anorexia nervosa

yellowing of your skin (jaundice)

dark urine

fever for three or more days for no apparent reason

requires complete treatment

After a few weeks, you will no longer be infected and you will feel better. It can be tempting to stop taking your TB medicine. However, it is very important that you complete the full course of therapy and take the medicine exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Bacterial resistance to drugs that can lead to tuberculosis by stopping treatment early or skipping doses can make it more dangerous and difficult to treat.

To help people survive their treatment, a program called Direct Observation Therapy (DOT) is recommended. In this procedure, a health care worker administers your medicine so that you do not have to remember to take it yourself.

 

Be aware stay healthy

The exchange of misinformation is on the rise with Corona infection. People are confused and worried about one misinformation after another on social media. Remember, misinformation is as contagious and frightening as epilepsy. So you need to understand what Corona should be aware of and what you should avoid. For the questions that seem to be peeking out about Corona, I will also get the answers from the experts.

Are the symptoms of corona changing?

Dr. doctor of medicine. Arunanshu Talukder said, "Most of the patients are losing their taste and smell this time. Stomach upset is also more than the previous time. Her eyes are red with conjunctivitis. Rather, the symptoms of cold and cough are less than before. And there was a pain in the body and hands before, this time too. The fever lasts for about a day. After that, it is decreasing. What is happening with him this time is a respiratory infection. That is why the lack of oxygen is more noticeable. The prone position is helpful in reducing shortness of breath. Taking deep breathing in this position increases oxygen saturation by 6-7 percent. However, if the oxygen saturation falls below 94, consult a doctor without delay. '' You can keep an oximeter at hand to measure the oxygen saturation level.

Doesn't the cloth mask work?

The N95 mask is the most effective. If you wear a surgical mask, you have to wear it in double layers. And if you can wear a face shield on top of the mask, you will get the most protection. Because even if there is a mask on the face, many times the hand goes to the eyes or the surface of the face. If you wear a face shield, you will see that the tendency to put your hand on your face will be reduced a lot. Doctors are advising to wear a face shield over the mask while going out for work.

How long is the isolation period for corona patients?

Covid patients are usually hospitalized for ten days. He will have to stay apart for another 10 days after returning home. If he stays apart for a total of 21 days, then the rest of the family will be much safer. However, according to the condition of the Kovid patient, it is important to consult a doctor in this regard.

Do you need a test if you do not recover at home?

After being infected with corona, many are recovering from home treatment. Do they need any follow-up later? Soumitra Ghosh, head of the medicine department at SSKM Hospital and nodal officer of the state's Kovid monitoring team, said, "We need to understand the nature of the virus. After the virus enters the body, it is misleading the immune system. This is creating a cytokine storm, which is causing problems. Repeat testing is not required after mild or moderate covid patients. He will have to stay in home isolation for 18 to 21 days. This is how a safe zone can be created. But those who are severely affected or have any disease i.e. cancer or HIV need follow-up. Especially those who take immunosuppressive drugs need a follow-up or a checkup. ”This indicates whether the body is inflamed or damaged after being infected with the virus.

Can antidote be taken during pregnancy?

Is it safe for pregnant women to take antidote? The question is also raised. At a news conference, Rochelle Walensky, director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States, said: There was nothing to worry about. About 35,000 women, seven to nine months pregnant, have been tested. There is no harm to the mother or the child with the vaccine. ”However, before taking the vaccine during pregnancy, every pregnant woman should consult her doctor according to her physical condition. All expectant mothers who have not been vaccinated must be very careful. Stay away from others in the family and must wear a mask and sanitize your hands.

If you are overweight, what is the risk of coronary heart disease?

If you have high blood pressure and diabetes, you are in the high-risk category. "The higher the weight, the higher the risk. If even 20 percent of their lungs are damaged by the virus, they have trouble breathing. The prone positioning of obese patients cannot be done properly. As a result, their mortality rate is much higher, ”said Soumitra Ghosh.

Does camphor reduce shortness of breath?

Due to all these misconceptions about hyperthyroidism, the initial golden period of treatment is often ruined. If you are affected by corona and shortness of breath, it is important to consult a doctor immediately, said Dr. Soumitra Ghosh.

Whatever you do

Many people are not panicking but are buying paracetamol and vitamin C and storing them at home. Oxygen storage is also not uncommon. The patient who really needs medicine, but he is not getting medicine, oxygen, or even if he gets a lot of time is wasted. Now, as a socialized being, every citizen should fulfill his / her responsibilities, urges the doctors. Wear a mask, follow the distance rules. And don't create an artificial shortage in the market by buying and stocking unnecessary medicines or corona patients.

If you find any information on social media, do not share it without verifying its authenticity. Misinformation in this emergency but can push people to death.

Hopefully

Dr. Arunanshu Talukder says, "Remember, 90 to 92 percent of the patients affected by corona are recovering from home if they follow the doctor's advice." But the number is not small. '' So do not panic unnecessarily. Give those who really need treatment a chance. And get everyone vaccinated in time.

The vaccination process has started. Register your name for it. Physicians

 

HEALTHY DIET

Healthy diet

Key facts

●     A healthy diet helps to protect against malnutrition in all its forms, as well as noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including such as diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and cancer.

●     Unhealthy diet and lack of physical activity is leading global risks to health.

●     Healthy dietary practices start early in life – breastfeeding fosters healthy growth and improves cognitive development, and may have long term health benefits such as reducing the risk of becoming overweight or obese and developing NCDs later in life.

●     Energy intake (calories) should be in balance with energy expenditure. To avoid unhealthily weight gain, total fat should not exceed 30% of total energy intake. Intake of saturated fats should be less than 10% of total energy intake, and intake of trans-fats less than 1% of total energy intake, with a shift in fat consumption away from saturated fats and trans-fats to unsaturated fats, and towards the goal of eliminating industrially-produced trans-fats.

●     Limiting intake of free sugars to less than 10% of total energy intake is part of a healthy diet. A further reduction to less than 5% of total energy intake is suggested for additional health benefits.

●     Keeping salt intake to less than 5 g per day (equivalent to sodium intake of less than 2 g per day) helps to prevent hypertension and reduces the risk of heart disease and stroke in the adult population.

●     WHO Member States have agreed to reduce the global population’s intake of salt by 30% by 2025; they have also agreed to halt the rise in diabetes and obesity in adults and adolescents as well as in childhood overweight by 2025.

Overview

Consuming a healthy diet throughout the life-course helps to prevent malnutrition in all its forms as well as a range of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and conditions. However, increased production of processed foods, rapid urbanization, and changing lifestyles have led to a shift in dietary patterns. People are now consuming more foods high in energy, fats, free sugars, and salt/sodium, and many people do not eat enough fruit, vegetables, and other dietary fiber such as whole grains.

The exact make-up of a diversified, balanced and a healthy diet will vary depending on individual characteristics (e.g. age, gender, lifestyle and degree of physical activity), cultural context, locally available foods and dietary customs. However, the basic principles of what constitutes a healthy diet remain the same.

For adults

A healthy diet includes the following:

●     Fruit, vegetables, legumes (e.g. lentils and beans), nuts, and whole grains (e.g. unprocessed maize, millet, oats, wheat and brown rice).

●     At least 400 g (i.e. five portions) of fruit and vegetables per day, excluding potatoes, sweet potatoes, cassava, and other starchy roots.

●     Less than 10% of total energy intake from free sugars, which is equivalent to 50 g (or about 12 level teaspoons) for a person of healthy body weight consuming about 2000 calories per day, but ideally is less than 5% of total energy intake for additional health benefits. Free sugars are all sugars added to foods or drinks by the manufacturer, cook, or consumer, as well as sugars naturally present in honey, syrups, fruit juices and fruit juice concentrates.

●     Less than 30% of total energy intake from fats. Unsaturated fats (found in fish, avocado and nuts, and in sunflower, soybean, canola, and olive oils) are preferable to saturated fats (found in fatty meat, butter, palm, and coconut oil, cream, cheese, ghee, and lard) and trans-fats of all kinds, including both industrially-produced trans-fats (found in baked and fried foods, and pre-packaged snacks and foods, such as frozen pizza, pies, cookies, biscuits, wafers, and cooking oils and spreads) and ruminant trans-fats (found in meat and dairy foods from ruminant animals, such as cows, sheep, goats, and camels). It is suggested that the intake of saturated fats be reduced to less than 10% of total energy intake and trans-fats to less than 1% of total energy intake. In particular, industrially-produced trans-fats are not part of a healthy diet and should be avoided.

●     Less than 5  g of salt (equivalent to about one teaspoon) per day (8).  Salt should be iodized.

For infants and young children

In the first 2 years of a child’s life, optimal nutrition fosters healthy growth and improves cognitive development. It also reduces the risk of becoming overweight or obese and developing NCDs later in life.

Advice on a healthy diet for infants and children are similar to adults, but the following elements are also important:

●     Infants should be breastfed exclusively during the first 6 months of life.

●     Infants should be breastfed continuously until 2 years of age and beyond.

●     From 6 months of age, breast milk should be complemented with a variety of adequate, safe, and nutrient-dense foods. Salt and sugars should not be added to complementary foods.

This is a message for every busy woman who needs to lose weight and gain confidence but can't stick to any program due to the heavy demands of life.

Practical advice on maintaining a healthy diet

Fruit and vegetables

Eating at least 400 g, or five portions, of fruit and vegetables per day reduce the risk of NCDs (2) and help to ensure an adequate daily intake of dietary fiber.

Fruit and vegetable intake can be improved by:

●     always including vegetables in meals;

●     eating fresh fruit and raw vegetables as snacks;

●     eating fresh fruit and vegetables that are in season; and

●     eating a variety of fruit and vegetables.

Fats

Reducing the amount of total fat intake to less than 30% of total energy intake helps to prevent unhealthy weight gain in the adult population. Also, the risk of developing NCDs is lowered by:

●     reducing saturated fats to less than 10% of total energy intake;

●     reducing trans-fats to less than 1% of total energy intake; and

●     replacing both saturated fats and trans-fats with unsaturated fats  – in particular, with polyunsaturated fats.

Fat intake, especially saturated fat and industrially-produced trans-fat intake can be reduced by:

●     steaming or boiling instead of frying when cooking;

●     replacing butter, lard, and ghee with oils rich in polyunsaturated fats, such as soybean, canola (rapeseed), corn, safflower and sunflower oils;

●     eating reduced-fat dairy foods and lean meats, or trimming visible fat from meat; and

●     limiting the consumption of baked and fried foods, and pre-packaged snacks and foods (e.g. doughnuts, cakes, pies, cookies, biscuits and wafers) that contain industrially-produced trans-fats.

Salt, sodium and potassium

Most people consume too much sodium through salt (corresponding to consuming an average of 9–12 g of salt per day) and not enough potassium (less than 3.5 g). High sodium intake and insufficient potassium intake contributes to high blood pressure, which in turn increases the risk of heart disease and stroke.

Reducing salt intake to the recommended level of less than 5 g per day could prevent 1.7 million deaths each year.

People are often unaware of the amount of salt they consume. In many countries, most salt comes from processed foods (e.g. ready meals; processed meats such as bacon, ham, and salami; cheese; and salty snacks) or from foods consumed frequently in large amounts (e.g. bread). Salt is also added to foods during cooking (e.g. bouillon, stock cubes, soy sauce, and fish sauce) or at the point of consumption (e.g. table salt).

Salt intake can be reduced by:

●     limiting the amount of salt and high-sodium condiments (e.g. soy sauce, fish sauce, and bouillon) when cooking and preparing foods;

●     not having salt or high-sodium sauces on the table;

●     limiting the consumption of salty snacks; and

●     choosing products with lower sodium content.

Some food manufacturers are reformulating recipes to reduce the sodium content of their products, and people should be encouraged to check nutrition labels to see how much sodium is in a product before purchasing or consuming it.

Potassium can mitigate the negative effects of elevated sodium consumption on blood pressure. Intake of potassium can be increased by consuming fresh fruit and vegetables.

Sugars

In both adults and children, the intake of free sugars should be reduced to less than 10% of total energy intake.  A reduction to less than 5% of total energy intake would provide additional health benefits.

Consuming free sugars increases the risk of dental caries (tooth decay). Excess calories from foods and drinks high in free sugars also contribute to unhealthy weight gain, which can lead to overweight and obesity. Recent evidence also shows that free sugars influence blood pressure and serum lipids, and suggests that a reduction in free sugars intake reduces risk factors for cardiovascular diseases .

Sugars intake can be reduced by:

●     limiting the consumption of foods and drinks containing high amounts of sugars, such as sugary snacks, candies and sugar-sweetened beverages (i.e. all types of beverages containing free sugars – these include carbonated or non‐carbonated soft drinks, fruit or vegetable juices and drinks, liquid and powder concentrates, flavored water, energy and sports drinks, ready‐to‐drink tea, ready‐to‐drink coffee, and flavored milk drinks); and

●     Eating fresh fruit and raw vegetables as snacks instead of sugary snacks.

How to promote healthy diets

Diet evolves over time, being influenced by many social and economic factors that interact in a complex manner to shape individual dietary patterns. These factors include income, food prices (which will affect the availability and affordability of healthy foods), individual preferences and beliefs, cultural traditions, and geographical and environmental aspects (including climate change). Therefore, promoting a healthy food environment – including food systems that promote a diversified, balanced and healthy diet – requires the involvement of multiple sectors and stakeholders, including government, and the public and private sectors.

Governments have a central role in creating a healthy food environment that enables people to adopt and maintain healthy dietary practices. Effective actions by policy-makers to create a healthy food environment include the following:

●     Creating coherence in national policies and investment plans – including trade, food, and agricultural policies – to promote a healthy diet and protect public health through:

○     increasing incentives for producers and retailers to grow, use, and sell fresh fruit and vegetables;

○     reducing incentives for the food industry to continue or increase production of processed foods containing high levels of saturated fats, trans-fats, free sugars and salt/sodium;

○     encouraging reformulation of food products to reduce the contents of saturated fats, trans-fats, free sugars and salt/sodium, with the goal of eliminating industrially-produced trans-fats;

○     implementing the WHO recommendations on the marketing of foods and non-alcoholic beverages to children;

○     establishing standards to foster healthy dietary practices through ensuring the availability of healthy, nutritious, safe and affordable foods in pre-schools, schools, other public institutions and the workplace;

○     exploring regulatory and voluntary instruments (e.g. marketing regulations and nutrition labeling policies), and economic incentives or disincentives (e.g. taxation and subsidies) to promote a healthy diet; and

○     Encouraging transnational, national, and local food services and catering outlets to improve the nutritional quality of their foods – ensuring the availability and affordability of healthy choices – and review portion sizes and pricing.

●     Encouraging consumer demand for healthy foods and meals through:

○     promoting consumer awareness of a healthy diet;

○     developing school policies and programs that encourage children to adopt and maintain a healthy diet;

○     educating children, adolescents and adults about nutrition and healthy dietary practices;

○     encouraging culinary skills, including in children through schools;

○     supporting point-of-sale information, including through nutrition labeling that ensures accurate, standardized and comprehensible information on nutrient contents in foods (in line with the Codex Alimentarius Commission guidelines), with the addition of front-of-pack labeling to facilitate consumer understanding; and

○     providing nutrition and dietary counseling at primary health-care facilities.

●     Promoting appropriate infant and young child feeding practices through:

○     implementing the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes and subsequent relevant World Health Assembly resolutions;

○     implementing policies and practices to promote protection of working mothers; and

○     Promoting, protecting, and supporting breastfeeding in health services and the community, including through the Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative.

This is a message for every busy woman who needs to lose weight and gain confidence but can't stick to any program due to the heavy demands of life.

WHO response

The “WHO Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health”  was adopted in 2004 by the Health Assembly. The strategy called on governments, WHO, international partners, the private sector, and civil society to take action at global, regional, and local levels to support healthy diets and physical activity.

In 2010, the Health Assembly endorsed a set of recommendations on the marketing of foods and non-alcoholic beverages to children. These recommendations guide countries in designing new policies and improving existing ones to reduce the impact on children of the marketing of foods and non-alcoholic beverages to children. WHO has also developed region-specific tools (such as regional nutrient profile models) that countries can use to implement marketing recommendations.

In 2012, the Health Assembly adopted a “Comprehensive Implementation Plan on Maternal, Infant and Young Child Nutrition” and six global nutrition targets to be achieved by 2025, including the reduction of stunting, wasting, and overweight in children, the improvement of breastfeeding, and the reduction of anemia and low birth weight.

In 2013, the Health Assembly agreed to nine global voluntary targets for the prevention and control of NCDs. These targets include a halt to the rise in diabetes and obesity and a 30% relative reduction in the intake of salt by 2025. The “Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases 2013–2020”  provides guidance and policy options for the Member States, WHO, and other United Nations agencies to achieve the targets.

With many countries now seeing a rapid rise in obesity among infants and children, in May 2014 WHO set up the Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity. In 2016, the Commission proposed a set of recommendations to successfully tackle childhood and adolescent obesity in different contexts around the world.

In November 2014, WHO organized, jointly with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the Second International Conference on Nutrition (ICN2). ICN2 adopted the Rome Declaration on Nutrition, and the Framework for Action  which recommends a set of policy options and strategies to promote diversified, safe and healthy diets at all stages of life. WHO is helping countries to implement the commitments made at ICN2.

In May 2018, the Health Assembly approved the 13th General Programme of Work (GPW13), which will guide the work of WHO in 2019–2023. Reduction of salt/sodium intake and elimination of industrially-produced trans-fats from the food supply are identified in GPW13 as part of WHO’s priority actions to achieve the aims of ensuring healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. To support Member States in taking necessary actions to eliminate industrially-produced trans-fats, WHO has developed a roadmap for countries to help accelerate actions.

This is a message for every busy woman who needs to lose weight and gain confidence but can't stick to any program due to the heavy demands of life.