Regarding their degree of complexity, we can group them in:
1.- Simple: They are formed by a single piece or bandage. Within this type can be included:
a) Adhesives: There are bandages with adhesive tape, tensoplast, prepared with an adhesive mass containing rubber and dezinc oxide. And bandages with zinc glue to make oneself, introducing the bandage in that solution, to apply later.
b) Elastic: They are composed of rubber fibers such as the Crepe band, which have a certain extensibility and which allow them to adapt to any part of the body and whose main function is the fixation and prevention of edema. It has the property of allowing some mobility.
c) Bandages without bandage: When we use a sling, usually made with a handkerchief, which are knotted on themselves.
2.- Compounds: Several coupled pieces of different form intervene. The most commons are:
a) Bandages in T: Formed by gauzes joined together forming a right angle. The most used is the T of the anus.
b) Fronds: Made up of a piece of gauze or rectangular cloth whose ends are joined in ends. The most important is the lower jaw, which is used in dislocations of that bone.
c) Suspensory bandages: They have the form of a bag and serve to maintain the prominent parts of the body. The best known is the jockstrap designed to keep the scrotal bag.
3.- Mechanics: They have the purpose of maintaining the correction of certain body deformities. These are the so-called orthopedic devices and we can highlight the following:
a) Bandages with buckles and laces (corsets), with protection bars, knee pads, etc.). They are used mainly in serious processes, or when we want a lasting and permanent attachment.
b) Elastic, clamping and / or thermal bandages. They maintain a certain subjection, but their main function is to serve as protection and maintenance of the temperature through the absorption of body heat.
c) Herniated bandages or trusses. They are bandages shaped to the functionality of the area where they are placed, maintaining the necessary compression or support.
BANDAGES ACCORDING TO THE MATERIAL USED
According to the material used we can find:
Soft: Allow us a relative mobility. Its function is that of mass compression or material clamping. They are mainly made with canvas, gauze or cotton, or elastic material of different textures. It is carried out fundamentally in processes of certain banality.
Hard: They offer us to keep a position rigid. It is made with plaster bandages, bandages of a special plastic that can be given the desired shape when heated, called thermoplastics that hardens once placed and fiberglass bandages.
BANDAGES ACCORDING TO THE APPLICATION NORMS
Depending on the application standards we will highlight:
Circular: Each round falls on the previous round, so the width of the bandage is the width of the round. That way we will only cover the corresponding area of the bandage. Its main use is to fasten dressings, cover a cylindrical area or be start and hold other bandages.
Spiral: Each turn covers only part of the previous turn, but advances upward on the limb. The beginning of the bandage will be done with circular fixation rounds. This bandage covers a larger surface than the circular, so it is suitable to cover large areas of a cylindrical part such as extremities.
Invert spiral: The bandage is held by several spiral twists, then the bandages will fold over themselves to better adapt to the body contour. It is a bandage that fits better in areas of conical type, where the widest part is in the upper area.
Eight of figures: Used in joints, the bandage is secured, first with a circular bandage to continue ascending by several spiral turns under the joint. Subsequently one turns over and one below the whole joint, alternating, until it is covered completely. A special bandage in eight is the one that is done for clavicle injuries, where the turns are made in both shoulders and the crossing is in the back. Likewise, the ankle, knee and even wrist joint bandages are also noteworthy.
Spike: Corresponds exactly to the bandage technique in eight except that the bandages cover a much larger area. The bandage advances and recedes in such a way that it overlaps and binds the bandage well. It is performed mainly in extremities and are of great importance when the bandage rests in areas with circulatory insufficiency (varicose veins, edema).
Capelina or recurrent: It is frequently used in the head or stumps. The band is secured first with two rounds in a circle. Then the roll is turned so that it is perpendicular to the circular turns and must be passed from back to front and in reverse, so that each turn covers a little to the previous one until the area is completely covered. It is fixed by means of two circular turns on the two initials. This bandage can also be done with two bandages.
Velpeau: Used in dislocations or large shoulder injuries in order to immobilize the shoulder and elbow on the trunk. First we will pad the armpit to avoid irritating problems in the area. Later, we will start by turning the trunk a few times to continue up the sick shoulder and descend to the elbow, we will continue covering the arm and body, until we have everything subject.
